Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE] 10.43 meters [interior columns]

Athena [Greek deity] Athens, Greece Acropolises Temples Parthenon 447 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84964/files/A_032634.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84964/files/P_032634.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84964/files/P_5673.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84964/files/A_032634.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84964/files/A_032634.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84964/files/P_5673.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84964/files/P_5673.txt Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE] Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] [possibly by]

Athens, Greece Temples Parthenon Acropolises 460 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/A_032628.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/P_032628.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/P_5668.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/A_032628.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/A_032628.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/P_032628.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/P_032628.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/P_5668.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84959/files/P_5668.txt Unknown illustrator

Temples Parthenon Columns [architectural elements] 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/A_95388.jpg https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/P_115687.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/A_95388.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/A_95388.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/P_115687.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/P_115687.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] [Workshop of] Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] 1 x 160 m [total frieze]

Equestrians Cavalcades Festivals Horses Animals Religious procession Military Horse and rider Wars Calvary 438 BCE Elgin Marbles' is a popular term for the collection of sculpture from the Parthenon acquired by Lord Elgin in Athens between 1801-1805. The collection includes other works from the Acropolis as well. The Parthenon sculpture includes roughly half of what now survives: 247 feet of the original 524 feet of frieze; 15 of 92 metopes; 17 figures from the pediments, and various other pieces of architecture. The Parthenon Frieze is the low relief, pentelic marble sculpture created to adorn the upper part of the Parthenon’s naos. The iconography of the procession depicted is uncertain; it may be either the Greater Panathenaic procession from Eleusis to Athens, or may depict the founding myth of the city of Athens. The following ranks W21-1 along with N75-136 and S1-61 are all of horsemen and constitute 46% of the whole frieze. Source: British Museum [website]; http://www.britishmuseum.org https://rdc.reed.edu/record/189246/files/A_115764.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/189246/files/P_7A3-G-BM-EM-4-A1.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/189246/files/P_7A3-G-BM-EM-4-A1.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/189246/files/P_7A3-G-BM-EM-4-A1.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] 1 x 160 meters

Cavalries Acropolises Athens, Greece Horses Temples Parthenon 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84982/files/A_032655.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84982/files/P_032655.tif Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] 1 x 160 meters

Friezes Parthenon Cavalries 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84981/files/A_032654.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84981/files/P_032654.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84981/files/A_032654.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84981/files/A_032654.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] Unknown illustrator

Temples Parthenon Columns [architectural elements] 447 BCE Traces of painted decoration above the figural frieze makes a fairly certain reconstruction possible. Although traces of blue have survived on the background, no trace of coloring remains on the figures. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180045/files/A_106418.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180045/files/P_124867.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180045/files/A_106418.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180045/files/A_106418.txt Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE]

Athena [Greek deity] Acropolises Athens, Greece Temples Parthenon 447 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design https://rdc.reed.edu/record/85142/files/A_032861.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/85142/files/P_032861.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/85142/files/P_5855.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/85142/files/P_5855.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/85142/files/P_5855.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE]

Cavalries Athens, Greece Equestrians Acropolises Horses Temples Parthenon 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84558/files/A_032112.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84558/files/P_032112.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84558/files/P_5248.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84558/files/A_032112.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84558/files/A_032112.txt Unknown illustrator 4.1 x 10.9 cm [1.61 x 4.29 inches] [illustration size]

Sheep Elders Chariots [ancient vehicles] Parthenon Cattle Musicians 1992 1992 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176020/files/A_101842.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176020/files/P_121411.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176020/files/A_101842.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176020/files/A_101842.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176020/files/P_121411.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176020/files/P_121411.txt Loviot, Benoit Edouard [French painter and draftsman, 1849-1921]

1879 1879 Artists conception of the original colouring of the parthenon. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116321/files/A_980692.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116321/files/P_980692.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116321/files/A_980692.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116321/files/A_980692.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116321/files/P_980692.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116321/files/P_980692.txt Phidias [Athenian architect, sculptor, and painter, ca. 490-430 BCE] 1 x 160 meters

Athena [Greek deity] Poseidon [Greek deity] Apollo [Greek deity] Robes Rites and ceremonies Artemis [Greek deity] 447 BCE The procession pictured in the Ionic frieze of the Parthenon culminates on the east side of the building. Above the porch columns, at the approach to the great doorway, was placed an unusually long block of stone carved with a scene showing a folded cloth. This is thought to be the sacred robe or peplos of Athena that was escorted to the Acropolis by the procession of the Great Panathenaic Festival, held in Athens every four years. The robe was escorted through the city on a ship that moved on wooden rollers. Once on the Acropolis the peplos was dedicated to the ancient olive wood statue of Athena Polias ['guardian of the city']. GR East Frieze V, 28-30 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180023/files/A_124785.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180023/files/P_124785.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180023/files/A_124785.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180023/files/A_124785.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180023/files/P_124785.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180023/files/P_124785.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE]

447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180566/files/A_GAS-200_IMG0050.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180566/files/P_GAS-200_IMG0050-0.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180566/files/A_GAS-200_IMG0050.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180566/files/A_GAS-200_IMG0050.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180566/files/P_GAS-200_IMG0050-0.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/180566/files/P_GAS-200_IMG0050-0.txt Darius I, King of Persia [Persian king, 550-486 BCE] Unknown Persian builder

Xerxes I, King of Persia [519 BCE-465 BCE] Cyrus the Great, King of Persia [ca. 598-600 BCE-530 BCE] Darius I, King of Persia [550 BCE-486 BCE] Aerial views 515 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167603/files/A_112710.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167603/files/P_112710.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167603/files/P_93135.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167603/files/A_112710.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167603/files/A_112710.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167603/files/P_112710.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167603/files/P_112710.txt Unknown draftsman

Beards Crowns [headdresses] 521 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/168155/files/A_113625.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/168155/files/P_93678.jpg https://rdc.reed.edu/record/168155/files/A_113625.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/168155/files/A_113625.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/168155/files/P_93678.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/168155/files/P_93678.txt Unknown Persian builder

Kings Vessels Darius I, King of Persia [550 BCE-486 BCE] Servants 515 BCE Stone reliefs from the north side of the Apadana, depicting twenty-three tribute delegations. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/A_112720.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/P_112720.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/P_93136.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/A_112720.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/A_112720.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/P_112720.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/P_112720.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/P_93136.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167618/files/P_93136.txt Unknown illustrator

Beards Crowns [headdresses] ca. 521-465 BCE [creation date], 1992 [publication date] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/A_121412.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/P_101914.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/P_121412.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/A_121412.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/A_121412.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/P_101914.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/P_101914.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/P_121412.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/176053/files/P_121412.txt Unknown Persian sculptor

Beards Crowns [headdresses] 521 BCE Subjects of the Persian Great King bring him tribute. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/A_123549.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/P_104542.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/P_123549.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/A_123549.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/A_123549.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/P_104542.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/P_104542.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/P_123549.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/178145/files/P_123549.txt Unknown illustrator

Xerxes I, King of Persia [519 BCE-465 BCE] Darius I, King of Persia [550 BCE-486 BCE] Kings Servants Vessels 515 BCE Stone reliefs from the north side of the Apadana, depicting twenty-three tribute delegations. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/A_112719.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/P_112719.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/P_93130.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/A_112719.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/A_112719.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/P_112719.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/P_112719.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/P_93130.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167612/files/P_93130.txt Unknown Persian sculptor

Xerxes I, King of Persia [519 BCE-465 BCE] Darius I, King of Persia [550 BCE-486 BCE] Kings Vessels Servants 515 BCE Bas-reliefs cover the external faces of the audience hall platform on the north and east. Groups of subject peoples distinguished by dress [here, probably Scythians and Babylonians] carry local goods, animals, Achaemenid vessels and jewelery towards a central staircase, led by figures in standard court or riding costume. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/A_112150.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/P_112150.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/P_92402.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/A_112150.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/A_112150.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/P_112150.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/P_112150.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/P_92402.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/166891/files/P_92402.txt Unknown Persian sculptor

Xerxes I, King of Persia [519 BCE-465 BCE] Beards Darius I, King of Persia [550 BCE-486 BCE] 515 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/A_113009.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/P_113009.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/P_93143.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/A_113009.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/A_113009.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/P_113009.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/P_113009.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/P_93143.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/167594/files/P_93143.txt Unknown Persian sculptor

Beards 521 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/212278/files/P_142850.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/212278/files/P_142850.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/212278/files/P_142850.txt Unknown Mesopotamian artist height: 13.625 inches

2199 2199 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/212277/files/A_142682.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/212277/files/P_142682.tif