Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE] Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] [possibly by] Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE]

480 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161615/files/A_043084.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161615/files/P_043084.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161615/files/P_85692.jp2 Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE] Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] [possibly by] Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE]

447 BCE Pericles promoted the arts and literature. He started an ambitious project that generated most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis. The project beautified the city and the work was funded with cash stores from the Delian League treasury. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161622/files/A_85712.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161622/files/P_962830.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161622/files/A_85712.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161622/files/A_85712.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161622/files/P_962830.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161622/files/P_962830.txt Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE] Mnesikles [Greek architect, active ca. 430-420 BCE] [possibly by] Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE]

480 BCE Pericles promoted the arts and literature. He started an ambitious project that generated most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis. The project beautified the city and the work was funded with cash stores from the Delian League treasury. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161592/files/A_922404.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161592/files/P_85706.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161592/files/P_922404.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161592/files/P_85706.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161592/files/P_85706.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161592/files/P_922404.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161592/files/P_922404.txt Hart, Russell E. [American architect, 1872-1955]

1921 1921 Originally built for Tennessee’s 1897 Centennial Exposition, this replica of the original Parthenon in Athens serves as a monument to what is considered the pinnacle of classical architecture. The plaster replicas of the Parthenon Marbles found in the Naos are direct casts of the original sculptures, which adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon, dating back to 438 BCE. Today, the replica of the Parthenon serves as the an art museum. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161583/files/A_85704.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161583/files/P_902313.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161583/files/A_85704.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161583/files/A_85704.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161583/files/P_902313.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161583/files/P_902313.txt Hart, Russell E. [American architect, 1872-1955]

1921 1921 Originally built for Tennessee’s 1897 Centennial Exposition, this replica of the original Parthenon in Athens serves as a monument to what is considered the pinnacle of classical architecture. The plaster replicas of the Parthenon Marbles found in the Naos are direct casts of the original sculptures, which adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon, dating back to 438 BCE. Today, the replica of the Parthenon serves as the an art museum. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/A_961443.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/P_85708.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/P_961443.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/A_961443.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/A_961443.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/P_85708.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/P_85708.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/P_961443.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161588/files/P_961443.txt Hart, Russell E. [American architect, 1872-1955]

1921 1921 Originally built for Tennessee’s 1897 Centennial Exposition, this replica of the original Parthenon in Athens serves as a monument to what is considered the pinnacle of classical architecture. The plaster replicas of the Parthenon Marbles found in the Naos are direct casts of the original sculptures, which adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon, dating back to 438 BCE. Today, the replica of the Parthenon serves as the an art museum. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/A_902310.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/P_85703.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/P_902310.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/A_902310.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/A_902310.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/P_85703.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/P_85703.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/P_902310.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161610/files/P_902310.txt Libon of Elis [Greek architect, 5th Century BCE] 27.68 x 64.12 meters at stylobate level

1984 472 BCE toppled drums of the south colonnade https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161609/files/A_920102.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161609/files/P_85705.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161609/files/P_920102.tif Unknown Greek builder drums between 1.94 and 1.98 metres in diameter and weigh between 7 and 9 tons

480 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161599/files/A_980681.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161599/files/P_980681.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161599/files/P_980681.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161599/files/P_980681.txt Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE]

447 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161574/files/A_961788.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161574/files/P_85710.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161574/files/P_961788.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161574/files/P_85710.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161574/files/P_85710.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161574/files/P_961788.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161574/files/P_961788.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE]

442 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161584/files/A_050716.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161584/files/P_050716.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161584/files/A_050716.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161584/files/A_050716.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161584/files/P_050716.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161584/files/P_050716.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE]

Parthenon Lapiths [Greek mythology] Centaurs 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/A_032119.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/P_032119.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/P_5255.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/A_032119.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/A_032119.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/P_032119.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/P_032119.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/P_5255.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/84562/files/P_5255.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] height: 172.0 cm [67.72 inches]

447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/179537/files/A_124602.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/179537/files/P_124602.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/179537/files/A_124602.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/179537/files/A_124602.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/179537/files/P_124602.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/179537/files/P_124602.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE]

447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/A_050764.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/P_050764.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/P_85699.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/A_050764.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/A_050764.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/P_050764.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/P_050764.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/P_85699.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161600/files/P_85699.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE]

Parthenon 447 BCE The east pediment shows the gods and goddesses attending the birth of Athena, who sprung forth, fully armed, from the head of Zeus. The two statues on the right are often identified as Aphrodite (on the right) sitting in the lap of her mother, Dione. Alternate identifications claim that it's Artemis in the lap of her mother, Leto. The figure on the left is identified as Hestia, or by some, Leto, though this is far less likely. The three figures as a trio have also been called the three fates. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161601/files/A_050765.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161601/files/P_050765.tif Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE]

Parthenon 447 BCE The east pediment shows the gods and goddesses attending the birth of Athena, who sprung forth, fully armed, from the head of Zeus. The two statues on the right are often identified as Aphrodite [on the right] sitting in the lap of her mother, Dione. Alternate identifications claim that it's Artemis in the lap of her mother, Leto. The figure on the left is identified as Hestia, or by some, Leto, though this is far less likely. The three figures as a trio have also been called the three fates. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161614/files/A_962087.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161614/files/P_85711.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161614/files/P_962087.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161614/files/A_962087.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161614/files/A_962087.txt Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] 1 x 160 meters

Friezes Acropolises Athens, Greece Temples Parthenon Goddesses 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116855/files/A_986432.tif Phidias [Greek sculptor, ca. 490-430 BCE] 1 x 160 meters

Acropolises Friezes Athens, Greece Temples Parthenon Goddesses 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116854/files/A_986431.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116854/files/A_986431.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116854/files/A_986431.txt Fanelli, Francesco [Italian sculptor, active ca. 1608-1661]

Parthenon 1687 1687 In 'Atene Attica: descritta da suoi principii sino all'acquisto fatto dall'armi Venete nel 1687,' by Francesco Fanelli. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161594/files/A_043013.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161594/files/P_043013.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161594/files/A_043013.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161594/files/A_043013.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161594/files/P_043013.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161594/files/P_043013.txt Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE]

Parthenon 447 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161606/files/A_004389.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161606/files/P_004389.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161606/files/P_85688.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161606/files/P_004389.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161606/files/P_004389.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161606/files/P_85688.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161606/files/P_85688.txt Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE]

447 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161576/files/A_004392.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161576/files/P_004392.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161576/files/P_85689.jp2 Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE]

447 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161577/files/A_922405.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161577/files/P_85707.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161577/files/P_922405.tif Iktinos [Athenian architect, active 5th century BCE] Kallikrates [Greek architect, active 5th century BCE]

Parthenon 447 BCE The Parthenon was a grand temple to the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city of Athens. The first marble temple was constructed from ca. 490-480 and dismantled when Athens was sacked by the Persians. The building of the Parthenon was part of the Periclean building program for the Acropolis, which took the ancient center and transformed it into a new center of religion with a strong cohesiveness running through all the buildings. The Parthenon was the most striking building on the Acropolis, as it was the largest and one of the most central to Athenian religious life. It was built after the Persians were no longer a threat and glorifies city and people of Athens with its sculptures and design https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161612/files/A_961784.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161612/files/P_85709.jp2 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161612/files/P_961784.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161612/files/P_85709.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161612/files/P_85709.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161612/files/P_961784.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/161612/files/P_961784.txt Unknown illustrator

Parthenon 432 BCE The monumental statue was built by Phidias of gold and ivory for the inside of the Parthenon. Athena carries a statuette of Nike [victory] as well as her spear and the 'aegis' of her father. By her leg is a holy snake associated with her worship. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116424/files/A_041543.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116424/files/P_041543.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116424/files/A_041543.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116424/files/A_041543.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116424/files/P_041543.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/116424/files/P_041543.txt Unknown Greek builder

480 BCE photo: Jeffrey M. Hurwit https://rdc.reed.edu/record/162371/files/A_041506.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/162371/files/P_041506.tif Libon of Elis [Greek architect, 5th Century BCE] 27.68 x 64.12 meters at stylobate level

Doric order Temples Peripteral Zeus [Greek deity] ca. 460-450s BCE [creation date] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169734/files/A_115668.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169734/files/P_115668.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169734/files/A_115668.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169734/files/A_115668.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169734/files/P_115668.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169734/files/P_115668.txt Unknown illustrator

Athena [Greek deity] Greco-Roman mythology Gigantomachy [Greek mythology] Temples Parthenon Processions Columns [architectural elements] 447 BCE Also known as Temple of Athena Parthenon. https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169737/files/A_115669.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169737/files/P_115669.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169737/files/A_115669.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169737/files/A_115669.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169737/files/P_115669.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169737/files/P_115669.txt Unknown illustrator

Temples Parthenon Columns [architectural elements] 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/A_95388.jpg https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/P_115687.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/A_95388.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/A_95388.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/P_115687.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169738/files/P_115687.txt Unknown illustrator

Temples Parthenon Columns [architectural elements] 447 BCE https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169732/files/A_95384.jpg https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169732/files/P_115688.tif https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169732/files/A_95384.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169732/files/A_95384.txt https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169732/files/P_115688.hocr https://rdc.reed.edu/record/169732/files/P_115688.txt