216819 20260413122021.0 386ec1d1-840e-4b5b-b126-317afb7356c2 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147325.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 62 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216819/files/P_147325.tif preservation 4bb7731c-711b-4395-9973-70e9079014ba 64230616 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216819/files/P_147325.hocr 4d38f5a9-d2ce-4c97-bbae-2c14942fbdab 1478 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216819/files/P_147325.txt 5c73d76e-6a74-4e02-ac64-6fff89041630 15 659698 sbavier Art & Architecture 216823 20260413122021.0 3bee19bd-4169-4473-88d3-9a19fd04a4c4 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147329.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 66 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216823/files/P_147329.tif preservation 1f3594e0-246f-4d85-b4f2-4bb2f4abf5ba 71478292 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216823/files/P_147329.hocr 3c0daebb-8402-439c-b05e-7c840fff3389 5770 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216823/files/P_147329.txt 2f2803b7-e5f3-4448-8fe1-b330617cad8c 107 659702 sbavier Art & Architecture 216813 20260413122021.0 41cfefda-7440-4606-bba9-dd4efcfc5737 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147319.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Mexican Aztec Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 56 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216813/files/P_147319.tif preservation 8882e899-4494-4374-a1a6-e047c83f7da7 73216156 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216813/files/P_147319.hocr c4c9d9d5-0c32-4be7-a546-24a0d9e911a4 1482 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216813/files/P_147319.txt ca2a8262-1e7b-4924-890e-fac13a3aa437 20 659692 sbavier Art & Architecture 216812 20260413122021.0 4540f48e-2d2c-4f36-ae5b-543d232335e3 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147318.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 55 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216812/files/P_147318.tif preservation 61b6f8ed-965f-4bf9-926a-99cfbed28aec 69465764 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216812/files/P_147318.hocr 977960bc-0810-4600-870f-a46ead6b97c5 1399 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216812/files/P_147318.txt bad75892-1d23-4223-b137-a377d091f48f 24 659691 sbavier Art & Architecture 216814 20260413122021.0 57daad00-b79a-4b81-892d-a351898ea746 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147320.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 57 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216814/files/P_147320.tif preservation 2166cf15-d18e-4a24-ab99-4877b734f298 66571108 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216814/files/P_147320.hocr 08cbab4f-2123-419f-bf6b-8df488d06f3b 681 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216814/files/P_147320.txt 9ed29dc3-5e99-4d0e-af19-baf082011de7 8 659693 sbavier Art & Architecture 216822 20260413122129.0 59cff830-45f4-408b-9bd7-dbca2c3b5921 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147328.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 65 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216822/files/P_147328.tif preservation 8480658f-191a-4a06-85b2-bc99d49cbe67 71327528 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216822/files/P_147328.hocr 9ada604f-46a7-4f1d-9833-3ff816f92589 2666 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216822/files/P_147328.txt 39c9e2cb-cdda-4eb0-ac25-4e2063614555 32 659701 sbavier Art & Architecture 216824 20260413122022.0 669c65aa-89cd-43f0-94f4-62a718e3c499 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147330.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 67 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216824/files/P_147330.tif preservation 4c2b30f8-b708-4def-b7eb-5dcaf4babdc8 71002144 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216824/files/P_147330.hocr 5cd0b52d-1e62-4d3a-bda3-561291988309 2273 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216824/files/P_147330.txt efa81ad5-866d-4a72-a04d-e4941d29eb68 42 659703 sbavier Art & Architecture 216821 20260413122021.0 6d763073-3cde-438e-a1a3-2cd50d08b7cb DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147327.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 64 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216821/files/P_147327.tif preservation 9e239b7b-4696-4fb0-b4a8-18b731274a2c 60914760 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216821/files/P_147327.hocr 8fb5835b-1662-4a9a-8c4d-6d7859ea5f1f 3068 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216821/files/P_147327.txt 89b00eb4-312a-4709-8ddc-aae4d91e9f22 42 659700 sbavier Art & Architecture 216815 20260413122021.0 8eeb2438-99dd-4304-b0cf-ee6ec99ba713 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147321.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Mexican Aztec Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 58 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216815/files/P_147321.tif preservation d3cb7f0a-4625-4b34-89b4-3c7b15c751ef 72752344 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216815/files/P_147321.hocr 6be24d3d-fdb9-44df-9890-4544ece34033 4960 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216815/files/P_147321.txt 6ef1d83b-aff8-43f2-850d-540976bf5349 70 659694 sbavier Art & Architecture 216817 20260413122021.0 baae159d-a039-467c-a6b5-5227c108056c DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147323.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 60 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216817/files/P_147323.tif preservation 45847ff6-ae3f-49dd-a529-f426d4e3b604 59371228 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216817/files/P_147323.hocr 50005b19-bcae-4069-befb-82672a45f9cd 6329 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216817/files/P_147323.txt 6d63304c-ef51-46ae-bbc3-e31575cc65dd 90 659696 sbavier Art & Architecture 216810 20260413122021.0 d4d715eb-7fe1-4346-9dc7-0047da101e43 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147316.tif Rituals [events] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 53 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216810/files/P_147316.tif preservation f0eee314-2d23-4991-ba56-34262b7b6664 31885352 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216810/files/P_147316.hocr 2af09c44-768e-4570-a35c-e4abe2da0021 3420 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216810/files/P_147316.txt 0981204b-3bc7-4715-aa7d-f3360bcbe1ff 66 659689 sbavier Art & Architecture 216826 20260413122129.0 d571e76c-c8cf-40d5-8781-1a8024f23d46 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147332.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Mexican Aztec Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 69 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216826/files/P_147332.tif preservation 0c5f821c-b747-4f74-881c-6cf129345947 57044416 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216826/files/P_147332.hocr 754d2421-6453-47a8-8653-8b3830c02df3 2277 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216826/files/P_147332.txt 95718ef0-7127-4366-8238-357f74d0f556 40 659705 sbavier Art & Architecture 216816 20260413122129.0 d6ce8753-987e-402c-8f32-098bd9731515 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147322.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Mexican Aztec Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 59 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216816/files/P_147322.tif preservation cecde5b7-be75-4d8a-a26b-c6fae49aec36 71566700 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216816/files/P_147322.hocr d8c526f0-22cd-45e0-9d1c-4fe9af6376ef 6387 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216816/files/P_147322.txt fd67464e-5bfa-4cd0-a0c1-f3f6cbd2bc28 117 659695 sbavier Art & Architecture 216811 20260413122021.0 d7ef0552-9ed0-42a9-98f4-d8432e176ba2 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147317.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 54 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216811/files/P_147317.tif preservation a22342f3-d110-457e-a37c-2fa38e30153c 71986096 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216811/files/P_147317.hocr c3fd87ec-9c0a-41d7-8bf7-c343f13199ff 1078 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216811/files/P_147317.txt 76c2cd89-1b97-44b2-a381-6c0f808c36bb 11 659690 sbavier Art & Architecture 216825 20260413122129.0 e634bc59-cd0d-49ee-a765-04bba713c3ab DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147331.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 68 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216825/files/P_147331.tif preservation ab4ac788-4a6f-4eae-9baa-a3aef327861f 69721948 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216825/files/P_147331.hocr 7818e9a9-5192-45a2-880f-38abf5316188 2790 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216825/files/P_147331.txt 43f8da88-a10d-449a-a887-ba16ff6e06eb 44 659704 sbavier Art & Architecture 216818 20260413122021.0 e75736d2-dea1-4c81-b631-6b1ffddd007d DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147324.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Aztec Mexican Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 61 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216818/files/P_147324.tif preservation e463af1d-0c40-47a4-9aae-2b5b20470842 63840408 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216818/files/P_147324.hocr 0cac13d4-6caf-4066-9e6e-a15845b1543a 3129 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216818/files/P_147324.txt 70c060d2-7c6d-48ca-bd8c-d4ad5d9ec6f8 61 659697 sbavier Art & Architecture 216820 20260413122021.0 f63baad6-0144-42f0-a0a4-1248023193a9 DA Códice Fernández Leal Codex Fernández Leal ca. 1500-1599 [creation date] 1500 1599 36 x 573 cm The double-sided Codex Fernández Leal was named for the Mexican minister who sponsored its publication in 1895. Though produced in the mid-sixteenth century, this codex retains many pre-Columbian features, including its distinctive pictographic writing and its use of amatl [the Nahuatl word for paper]. Like its ancient predecessors, this codex records royal land titles and genealogy—that of the Cuicatec rulers in what is now northern Oaxaca—along with related historical events and calendrical themes.When Spanish soldiers, merchants, and missionaries took control of Mexico and dispossessed the Indian rulers and priests, they destroyed most of the ancient codices as works of superstition and witchcraft. Even amatl-making was banned as a form of idolatry, because of its frequent use in religious ceremonies. The Codex Fernández Leal is vital and tangible evidence of this turbulent history, as well as a record of the Cuicatec world. Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147326.tif Rituals [events] Footprints [foot impressions] Rulers [people] Calendars Humanities 110 Mexican Aztec Oaxacan 16th Century CE Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 63 Sourced From University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, California, United States [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216820/files/P_147326.tif preservation 77c96096-a12a-4dbb-b46d-89e26231d079 67635908 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216820/files/P_147326.hocr 6c52d24b-98cc-4c48-9350-f0ae4ce47dcf 287 https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216820/files/P_147326.txt 2337b779-5b29-45e8-8620-31833c07912e 4 659699 sbavier Art & Architecture 216827 20260406230332.0 7739f73b-ecd6-40f4-a65a-1056df891924 DA Códice Peñafiel, es complemento al Códice Fernández Leal Codex Peñafiel is the complement to the Codex Fernández Leal Images in this collection are provided for members of the Reed academic community, for use in teaching, study, and research. Reed College students, faculty, and staff may use images for in-class display, as well as academic presentations, papers, assignments, and senior theses. Cite the source of the image as Reed College Digital Collections and when available also add the statement Courtesy of [individual/organization listed as Copyright Holder] or Public domain image. Unless an image's Copyright Holder is public domain, uses other than those described above - such as inclusion in a published or commercial work or a non-Reed-password-protected website - may require permission from the copyright holder. No known copyright restrictions 147333.tif Standing figures Humanities 110 Mexican Codices Books, Manuscripts and Publications Unknown Mexican artist Doesburg, Sebastián van. Códices Cuicatecos Porfirio Díaz y Fernández Leal: Edición Fascimilar, Contexto Histórico e Interpretacíon. Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2001. Pg. 70 Sourced From Unknown Repository [repository] https://rdc.reed.edu/record/216827/files/P_147333.tif preservation 101c40b8-b965-4300-8540-6d9a90e9dae0 57033056 659706 sbavier Art & Architecture