One of the most significant monuments of Ancient Rome the Ara Pacis Augustae [Altar of Peace] celebrates the peace created throughout the Mediterranean area by the Emperor Augustus after victorious campaigns in Gaul and Spain. It was a family altar set up by Augustus in honor of his success in uniting Rome and more importantly, ending the period of the bloody civil wars started in 49 BCE by Augustus' adopted father, Gaius Iulius [Julius] Caesar. Augustus' other achievements in restoring peace to Rome included his defeat of the Parthians and his total conquest of Egypt, reducing it to a province after defeating the joint forces of Antony [Marcus Antoninus] and Cleopatra and the siege of Alexandria. Pax, the goddess of peace, became central to Augustus' later political ideology.
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